Justine Koenigsberg:
Good morning, and welcome to Kymera Therapeutics, Inc.'s Immunology Innovation Day, our virtual event to introduce our next immunology program, IRAF5. I'm Justine Koenigsberg, Kymera Therapeutics, Inc.'s head of investor relations. Please note that we are hosting today's event in lieu of our regularly scheduled quarterly update call. However, we have reported our results and filed our 10-Q this morning. For additional details on our 2025Q1 results, please reference our press release issued this morning, which is available in the IR section of our site. During today's presentation, you'll hear from our team about our strategy, our pipeline advancements, and our next high-value immunology program. Joining me this morning are Nello Mainolfi, our founder, president, and CEO, Jared Gollob, our chief medical officer, and Veronica Campbell, our Senior Director of Immunology and Project Team Leader of our newly introduced program, IRAF5. Here's a snapshot of today's agenda. Nello will begin with an overview of our strategy and the opportunity with small molecule degraders. Then Jared will provide a high-level overview of our STAT6 program, and we will conclude our prepared remarks with a discussion of our newly introduced IRAF5 program before we open the call to questions. If you'd like to ask a question, please use the raise hand icon, which can be found at the bottom of your meeting window. To help us move efficiently through the Q&A discussion, we ask that you are ready to unmute your line and turn your camera on when called upon. A replay of today's event, including a copy of our corresponding presentation, will be available soon after the call concludes in the investor section of our site. But before we begin, I would like to remind you that today's presentation will include forward-looking statements about our future expectations, plans, and prospects. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. A description of these risks can be found in our most recent 10-Q filed with the SEC. Any forward-looking statements speak only as of today's date, and we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made on today's call. With that, let's begin. Nello?

Nello Mainolfi:
So thanks, Justine. Very exciting to be here today to share not only a pipeline update but also our new program, IRAF5, which Veronica will do in a few minutes. I thought I'd take a few minutes here to just give you an update on our strategy, where we're going, some important decisions we're making, and upcoming milestones. Just to remind you, Kymera Therapeutics, Inc. was founded about, actually, just very recently, nine years ago, with the goal of building an industry-leading pipeline of medicines using a novel modality called targeted protein degradation. We believe with this modality, we can give rise to a series of new programs and medicines that can overcome the challenges that the industry has faced for the past twenty years. In order to do so, we've built some unique capabilities. I will start with the fact that we have become a key leader in the space of targeted protein degradation. In doing so, we built some really unique capabilities of hit finding and optimization of oral degraders. We have always had and continue to refine a unique target selection strategy based on pursuing traditionally undrugged targets in highly qualified and validated pathways. And that has allowed us to build a portfolio that is poised to really disrupt treatment paradigms. We made a conscious choice a few years ago to focus on immunology. And the main reason has been, as I'll explain in a few slides, that in that particular space, in this place and time, we've been able to combine really the right target with the disruptive potential of targeted protein degradation, delivering for the first time in the industry oral drugs with biologics-like efficacy. And this is really a unique opportunity for Kymera Therapeutics, Inc. and for patients. So Kymera Therapeutics, Inc. is founded and continues to thrive on three key pillars. One is a clear vision. So we have always believed that with a new technology, not only do you have an opportunity, but you have a responsibility to build a fully integrated company. So we are now building deep development capabilities to advance our programs into phase two and phase three studies with an eye on becoming a commercial-stage company. We've been fortunate to always be capitalized. We now have, as of the end of 2025Q1, $775 million with now an extended runway into the first half of 2028. We have brought five new molecules into the clinic since 2020. And we are on the path to being able to deliver 10 molecules in the clinic by 2026. We have dosed at this point way more than 300 between healthy volunteer patients across our pipeline. And one thing that we're very proud of is our ability to continue to demonstrate impeccable translation from our preclinical studies into the clinic, achieving in all of our programs more than 90% degradation, with the desired efficacy and safety profile. So just a quick summary about targeted protein degradation. The main feature of the technology is the ability to use small molecules to remove protein. So you have almost a genetic-like knockdown or knockout effect with the flexibility and the convenience of oral small molecules. So we're able to go after proteins that have not been drugged or drugged fully for the past decades with a simple oral drug that we're able to design, synthesize, and develop here at Kymera Therapeutics, Inc. So why immunology? Why is this such a unique opportunity for us, and I would say for patients? So we, with the team, did work in the past year or so looking at the most common, the 10 most common immune inflammatory diseases. And those are, you know, AD, asthma, COPD, you can see from the slide, HS, multiple sclerosis. And if you look at the seven major markets, that's about 160 million patients that are impacted by these diseases. And if you look at the number of patients that are right now accessing advanced systemic therapies, it's really around 5 million. So we basically have a 3% penetration of advanced systemic therapy into this wide variety of immune inflammatory diseases, again, in the seven major markets. So I don't think we have a problem of innovation in immunology. There are plenty of great drugs in many disease areas. We have a problem of allowing patients to access these highly effective drugs. In fact, of these, you know, 5 million patients, two-thirds of these patients access biologics. So only one-third access oral drugs, and these oral drugs often are not able to deliver the type of efficacy that biologics can. So we have an opportunity to expand access and expand the reach of highly innovative drugs with oral degraders that have the efficacy of these advanced systemic therapies. And so when you try to put a number on the market, obviously, it's really hard to do. If you look at the 3%, the 5 million, it's a $100 billion market. Or more than a $100 billion market. So we're talking about 90% plus of patients that we believe could be poised to receive our novel oral systemic therapies, and that's a very large number. That, obviously, it's even hard for us to quantify. But our job here at Kymera Therapeutics, Inc. is to develop, again, as I said, oral drugs that cannot only displace biologics, because they ideally and hopefully will have a similar efficacy safety profile and the convenience of oral drugs. But more importantly, we can now offer a convenient, highly effective advanced therapy to the 90% of patients that right now are not treated. Whether it's for access, whether it's for pricing, whether it's for convenience. And so here in this slide, it's really highlighting what are the challenges and the opportunities. So biologics, as we all know, have transformed treatment paradigms. They have transformed many diseases and how doctors treat diseases. But the challenge that comes with them is obviously they can be very expensive. They can be complex and expensive to manufacture. And as well as to prescribe and reimburse. They have often, not always, immunogenicity issues. They have cold storage issues. So if you're taking a biologic with you on a vacation, you have to think about cold storage. And, obviously, they bring the inconvenience route of administration often painful and, again, inconvenient. In an industry survey that was done, I think as recently as, I believe, a year and a half, a few hundred patients were asked if you had an option to switch from a biologic to an oral drug with the same profile, you know, would you make that switch? And 75% of patients said yes. So there's clearly not only an opportunity, but there is a clear unmet need for patients to access oral therapies that will have a biologic-like profile. So the question would be, why wouldn't traditional small molecule oral drugs capture their need? And the answer that we tried to depict here is in the bottom of the slide. Traditional oral small molecules follow a traditional PKPD profile. So the efficacy is driven by the ability of the drug to block their pathway 24/7. And because the PK and the PD of a small molecule drug are really connected, you see a sigmoidal curve mostly that depicts that correlation. So you're not able to block the pathway constantly 24/7, but you have a peak to trough PD effect. And this is very evident when you look at targets like TIC2, where while you're blocking the IL-23 pathway in principle well, you're not able to deliver the type of activity seen with an injectable IL-23 antibody, and that's really because of small molecules' inability to block the pathway fully. With a degrader that we've shown extensively both preclinically and clinically, we can block the pathway fully at steady state, maintaining that degradation consistently. And that, as we've shown, can mimic biologics-like pathway blockade. There is in the next couple of slides, I just wanted to share with you two key features of Kymera Therapeutics, Inc. that I believe has made us a leader in developing unique programs, especially now in immunology. One is really around the capabilities that we built. I believe we're the best company today at finding small molecule ligands to undrugged or difficult to drug proteins. We have some of the best structural biology capabilities, and we've published on these extensively in peer-reviewed journals. On understanding ternary complex interactions of our drugs with the proteins and the E3 ligases. And we've shown consistently our ability to translate in the clinic our deep understanding of PKPD in different tissues in preclinical species and then in humans. Which really derisks the translation into patients and hopefully into disease outcomes. And all of these capabilities have resulted in some really important accomplishments in the past few years. We've delivered at this point, I believe, more than nine development candidates against undrugged transcription factors. We've shown now extensively that our degraders are very potent, very specific, orally bioavailable with a great and even distribution across tissues. And we've shown over and over again, as I mentioned, our ability to translate these profiles effectively into the clinic. So another key feature, so we've talked about capabilities, another key feature of Kymera Therapeutics, Inc.'s strategy is how we think about target selection. And we have these key four pillars that have been the same since day one. We go after targets that have not been drugged or drugged well before, where there is strong human genetics for the target and, importantly, where the pathway has been validated with other agents, usually upstream of our targets. We usually, if not always, have a clear path to show clinical differentiation early in our development strategy, as well as now we're very, very keen on programs that have access to large clinical and commercial opportunities. So if you look at our targets today, that we're actively pursuing, you know, STAT6 and IRAF5, two undrugged transcription factors where Kymera Therapeutics, Inc. has delivered the first development candidate or for STAT6, actually, first clinical entry and soon the first clinical data. These have been targets that have been pursued for decades. And, really, the technology has been missing. And here we have first-in-class drugs with targets with strong genetic validation. Now IRAK4, the target that has been drugged, but not well with traditional small molecules. The beauty about our strategy is also that we're going after these pathways that have complementarity. So not only are these stand-alone important programs, you know, after IL-4 or 13, type one interferon cytokines, B cells, autoantibodies, IL-1 TLR pathways. But, also, you can imagine that eventually, these pathways can be synergistic in how we think about further development, combination, etcetera. And this is probably even more appreciable if you look at the slide here where we're looking at where we're developing these assets in which not only disease area, but also in which indications. You see, for example, for STAT6, we have a big effort in atopic diseases, which are more often in dermatology and respiratory. And here you see seven or eight different diseases. For IRAF5, which I would say it's more traditional immunology, rheumatology, you see more in GI and rheumatology, RA, lupus, etcetera. While IRAK4 places in each of these disease areas. So not only can we actually capture almost the totality of potential immune inflammatory indications, but then you can imagine when there is overlap, a potential strategy down the road could be a combination of these assets. This is a slide that captures the concept that was made before about the unmet need in the space, and this actually puts numbers to the concept. We can use STAT6, and the concept can be applied to the other programs. Again, if you look at the seven major markets, we have more than a hundred million patients diagnosed with Th2 diseases. And you can see the most prevalent there, AD, asthma, COPD, chronic rhinosinusitis, etcetera. The number of patients that have access to advanced systemic therapy right now dominated by dupilumab is really around a million patients. So we have, you know, almost a hundred million patients, if not more, that I believe we strongly believe would benefit from an oral drug that has the efficacy and the safety of an injectable biologic. So an oral drug that can change how doctors prescribe medicines for patients with these diseases. And so that's really what we're trying to do, not only for STAT6 but also for IRAF5 in diseases that are, as we said, complementary to the STAT6 diseases. This is really around SLE, RA, Crohn's disease, UC, etcetera, and both Veronica and Jared will share more. And then IRAK4 with, again, the more traditional IL-1 TLR driven diseases. So hopefully, this slide gives you a sense of the opportunities we have in front of us with oral drugs that are really best in pathway to combine the convenience of an oral drug and the efficacy of a biologic. So in this slide, I just, we will actually go through the milestones soon. And so I don't want to spend too much time going through the details of the slide. I just want to say we have the next eighteen months with the reach of milestones. We have STAT6 upcoming data in June, which we're very excited to finally get there. We have phase 1b data at the end of the year. We have two phase 2b studies to start. Veronica will tell you about IRAF5. So maybe I thought I'd give you an update on a couple of programs that will not be the subject of the later presentation. So first, on IRAK4, as you know, Sanofi is progressing KT474 in two parallel phase 2b studies in both HS and AD. We continue to expect these studies to be completed in 2026 in the first half, mid-2026 with data shortly thereafter. As you know, IRAK4 was our first immunology target and early success in that program has allowed us and has actually given us the impetus to invest even more in immunology and allowed us to build what we believe to be one of the best, if not the best, immunology pipelines in this industry. And so while Sanofi has been advancing 474, we've had additional ongoing efforts at Kymera Therapeutics, Inc. under the collaboration. We've said that in the past. As a result of these efforts, we're pleased to announce today that we have recently achieved the preclinical milestones resulting in a $20 million payment that we expect to receive in the second quarter. So a validation of both the strategy and the work that both teams have been doing in the past few years. Secondly, I'd like to touch on the disclosure that we released this morning in the press release around our decision around TIC2. So first, I'd say that it's, I think, widely accepted that we're in a very volatile market period. Not only biotechnology, but I would say the broader market. And with that, we believe that Kymera Therapeutics, Inc. is exceptionally well positioned to navigate this uncertain environment. We have what we believe, as I just said, probably the best oral immunology pipeline in the industry. We have multiple upcoming catalysts that we will go through later in the presentation. We have an incredible research team that continues to deliver novel programs. You've seen IRAF5. You'll see more in the near future. And we have a strong balance sheet of $775 million as of the end of 2025Q1. But, obviously, we can't just sit and be complacent. We continue to look for opportunities to ensure that our human as well as our capital resources are always prioritized towards the highest return activities. And in fact, it's with this philosophy that we've continued to optimize our resource allocation strategy. You've seen changes that we made in the past around our investments. And so it's really with this spirit of prioritizing funding the highest return activities that we're announcing today our strategic decision not to advance our TIC2 degrader KT295 into clinical development. Now I just want to take a moment to explain that well. First, I would like to say that we have completed IND enabling studies with this drug and we have seen no adverse events in any of our studies, in any of our doses. So this was as a successful IND enabling campaign as you wish. And we continue, Kymera Therapeutics, Inc. continues to be a strong believer in the differentiated case for a degrader in this highly validated pathway. At the same time, in this current environment, research allocation is very important, and we believe resource allocation and particularly our people to programs with the highest probability of success is paramount. So at this point, we've decided to pause on our TIC2 efforts and redirect those resources. So this decision will allow us to address two important points. One, we're able now to dedicate more human capital as well as our finances to what I believe to be one of the largest, potentially one of the largest programs in the industry, our STAT6 programs and STAT621. That is really at the cusp of key inflection points. We also can use some of these both human and financial capital to fund IRAF5 and other efforts that we have in other areas. And then secondly, what this decision has allowed us to do is to extend our cash runway from mid-2027 to the first half of 2028. So this is very important because now our cash runway is well beyond important inflection points, especially, I would say, well beyond the Phase IIb readouts for 621. So, I mean, you all know it's never easy when we make this resource allocation decision. But I hope I was able to convey our strategic thinking around this decision. Then happy for myself and the team to take questions in the Q&A at the end. So I thought I'd pause here now and pass it on to Jared for him to go through our STAT6 program. Thanks, Nello. This is a very exciting time for Kymera Therapeutics, Inc., from a development perspective.

Jared Gollob:
We are well positioned to achieve multiple clinical data readouts that we believe will further validate our approach and strategy. Before we formally introduce our IRAF5 program, I'd like to give you a brief update on our ongoing and planned clinical trials for KT621, our first-in-class oral STAT6 degrader program, and the first STAT6 targeted medicine to enter clinical development. The IL4, IL13 pathway drives Th2 inflammation and is highly validated by dupilumab. An injectable biologic targeting IL4 receptor alpha that inhibits IL4 and IL13 signaling and is approved for the treatment of multiple different Th2 allergic diseases including atopic dermatitis and asthma. STAT6 is the obligate and specific transcription factor in the IL4 13 pathway, and is therefore the critical signaling node controlling Th2 inflammation. For this reason, blocking the function of STAT6 is expected to phenocopy IL4, IL13 targeting. There is also compelling genetic validation for the criticality of STAT6 in driving Th2 allergic diseases and the safety of reducing its expression. Including the following. First, the pathogenic role of STAT6 is supported by human genetics showing that gain of function mutations of STAT6 cause severe early onset allergic disease in humans. Second, a recent publication found that human heterozygous STAT6 loss of function mutations protected against severe Th2 asthma. Showing for the first time how decreased STAT6 protein levels can be protective against Th2 diseases. Additionally, STAT6 knockout in mice is protective in multiple allergic disease models and STAT6 knockout mice develop normally. Are viable, and are fertile. So the human and mouse genetics tell us that STAT6 is a compelling target for treating IL4, IL13 driven allergic diseases, and suggests it can be safely knocked down. Only the unique pharmacology of STAT6 degradation has the potential to fully block IL4 13 signaling with an oral daily drug and thereby phenocopy the activity and safety of an upstream biologic like dupilumab. Historically, the development challenge has been to design oral small molecules that can fully block STAT6 around the clock, and thereby inhibit the IL4 13 pathway to the same extent as biologics. We believe the only modality that can do this are degraders. Furthermore, if an oral STAT6 degrader can truly block the IL4 13 pathway to the same extent as, say, dupilumab, this has the potential to transform the treatment paradigm for all of the different Th2 allergic indications that have already been derisked by dupilumab. Dupilumab has transformed the lives of patients with dermatologic, respiratory, and gastrointestinal tissue diseases. And has become one of the largest drugs in this industry. We think we can change the treatment paradigm and reach an even broader patient population with an oral drug targeting STAT6 across all the indications derisked by dupilumab and perhaps open up new opportunities in additional allergic indications beyond these. We have a robust preclinical data set to support this program. I'll walk you through this at a high level. Preclinically, KT621 was shown to be exquisitely selected for STAT6, and shows no functional inhibition of other STATs. It degrades STAT6 at low picomolar concentrations across all disease-relevant human primary cell types evaluated. Including lymphocytes, myeloid cells, epithelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, among others. We've shown preclinically that KT621 is more potent than dupilumab at blocking IL4 and IL13 pathway functions relevant to Th2 disease manifestations in cell systems, and is equal or superior to dupilumab at blocking Th2 inflammation in preclinical disease models. This was demonstrated in the mouse house dust mite asthma model. At doses achieving 90% or greater STAT6 degradation. Overall, the preclinical data generated highlight the best in pathway potential of KT621 given its dupilumab-like activity and the convenience of an oral pill. In higher species, including dogs and monkeys, we have shown with oral daily dosing that we can fully degrade STAT6 at steady state in all relevant tissue types. We did not observe any adverse safety findings in four-week GLP tox studies in nonhuman primates and rodents. In light of the enormous potential for KT621 to transform the treatment paradigm for patients with Th2 allergic diseases, we have adopted an accelerated development strategy that begins with phase one studies in healthy volunteers and AD patients, to quickly enable demonstration of clinical proof of concept and informed dose selection for phase 2b dose range finding studies. Our plan is to run two sentinel phase 2b trials in AD and asthma, starting in Q4 2025 and Q1 2026, respectively. That will enable dose selection for subsequent phase three studies. Not just in AD and asthma, but also across multiple other dermatologic, respiratory, and gastrointestinal indications derisked by dupilumab. The phase 1a healthy volunteer SAD/MAD study has been completed, and we're on track to report data next month. The primary objective is to show we can robustly degrade STAT6 in blood and skin, which we define as a reduction of 90% or more at doses that are safe and well tolerated. Given the extensive clinical pathway validation by dupilumab, all the human STAT6 genetics data, and the preclinical data we generated showing dupilumab-like activity with 90% STAT6 degradation in disease models of asthma and AD, we believe that if we can achieve this study objective, it will largely derisk the program and meaningfully increase the probability of success as we move into patient studies. We're also looking at how KT621 impacts several circulating Th2 biomarkers, including TARC and IgE. Our expectation entering the trial was that the effect would likely be comparable to what has been reported in healthy volunteers for dupilumab. Though as we have said, we believe the best opportunity to show a significant effect on Th2 biomarkers will come in patient studies, where baseline levels are greatly elevated due to IL4 13 pathway activation. Importantly, while completing the phase one healthy volunteer study, we were able to initiate the first KT621 trial in AD patients, well ahead of what we had initially planned. The ongoing Phase Ib trial, named 20 moderate to severe atopic dermatitis patients. Patients will be administered KT621 once daily for four weeks. The key study aim is to show that robust STAT6 degradation in blood and skin lesions by KT621 has a dupilumab-like effect on multiple Th2 biomarkers in the blood and on the transcriptome of active AD skin lesions. The study will also assess KT621's effect on clinical endpoints, such as EASI, and pruritus NRS. We expect to report the Phase Ib data in the fourth quarter. So, in summary, we believe that targeting STAT6 for degradation with KT621 is the only oral small molecule approach with the potential to achieve a dupilumab-like profile with once-daily dosing. We are approaching KT621 development with a strong sense of urgency and focus on execution. This program has enormous potential to dramatically change the way we can treat patients with inflammatory diseases and expand their access to transformative drugs. We're excited by the progress we've made in completing our phase 1a healthy volunteer trial and initiating our phase 1b trial in AD patients, and look forward to sharing data next month for healthy volunteers and later this year for AD patients. And gearing up for the start of phase 2b trials in AD and asthma. I'd like to pause here and introduce Veronica Campbell, the research lead on the IRAF5 program. With her team, she's done a terrific job advancing this exciting program to development candidate and into IND enabling studies. And we are excited to share the details with you now. Thanks, Jared.

Veronica Campbell:
I'm Veronica Campbell, Senior Director of Immunology at Kymera Therapeutics, Inc. I've worked at Kymera Therapeutics, Inc. for eight years, and I'm proud to be part of this pioneering team working to develop transformative treatments for chronic immunological diseases. As a project team lead, I'm very excited to share with you the story of our first-in-class IRAF5 degrader, KT579. Why we believe it has the potential to be the first IRAF5 targeted oral therapy to deliver transformative activity in several rheumatic autoimmune diseases. Superior to standard of care drugs including several biologics. Today I will cover first how Kymera Therapeutics, Inc.'s TPD approach has a unique opportunity to provide a novel oral therapy against what has been historically undrugged transcription factor. From there, I will describe the well-established biological function of IRAF5 and the genetic and clinical pathway validation. Next, the clinical development and commercial opportunities IRAF5 presents. Then I'll describe the exciting preclinical data package for our development candidate KT579, and finally, the expected timelines and next steps for the program. I'd like to start by introducing our latest first-in-class oral development candidate, KT579. KT579 is a highly potent selective oral degrader of IRAF5. Which is an essential signaling node in genetically and clinically validated immune pathways. Driving inflammation in multiple autoimmune diseases with significant unmet patient need. I'll share details in the coming slides on the robust activity of KT579 in primary cell systems including patient donor cells, and preclinical efficacy models of RA and lupus. In addition, KT579 has a highly encouraging safety profile in preclinical tox studies where it was well tolerated at up to 200 fold above the predicted human efficacious dose. Our compelling preclinical characterization of KT579 is consistent with the innovative science we've shared across our immunology pipeline and positions this program well on the path of development. The program is currently in IND enabling studies and we're on track to initiate phase one testing in early 2026. Consistent with Nello and Jared's discussion of our rigorous approach to target selection, IRAF5 meets all our criteria of what we think makes a compelling target for oral TPD approach. IRAF5 is an undrugged target with strong human genetic validation and supporting biological functional data within pathways that have been clinically validated. As seen in the pathway image on the right, IRAF5 is a central node activated downstream of pattern recognition receptors that can recognize foreign or self-antigens and is critical for mounting a pro-inflammatory response. For example, downstream of endosomal TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 activation, IRAF5 regulates type one interferon responses, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL12, TNF, and IL6, and antibody production. Its expression is cell and activation specific, making IRAF5 an attractive target with potential to block immune while sparing normal cell function. IRAF5 is a highly validated target through human genetics and clinically pathway validation. IRAF5 functional risk variants that have been identified associate with increased susceptibility to lupus, Sjogren's, RA, IBD, and systemic sclerosis. For clinical validation, the IRAF5 regulated pathways have been validated by multiple cytokine biologics and B cell targeting agents. Highlighting the importance of pro-inflammatory mediators like type one interferons, TNF alpha, IL12, and IL23 in autoimmune disease pathogenesis. I will expand on these two points in subsequent slides. IRAF5 has been challenging to drug to date likely due to its complex activation steps, splicing isoforms, and high degree of IRAF5 IRF family member homology. As previously reported, TPD is well suited to deplete undrugged transcription factor targets like IRAF5. Where a single and specific binding event drives molecule activity and can disrupt all IRAF5 signaling. Let's discuss IRAF5 more in disease context and as a master regulator of innate and adaptive response. IRAF5 is selectively expressed in dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages, and B cells. Pathway specific IRAF5 dysregulation is cell and stimulant dependent. In autoimmunity, it is activated by pattern recognition receptors that can recognize nuclear self-antigens in the body to initiate and amplify both innate and adaptive immune responses. By increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF alpha, IL6, IL12, IL23, type one interferons, and pathogenic autoantibodies. This can lead to immune complex formation and propagate subsequent inflammation in autoimmune diseases such as lupus, systemic sclerosis, and dermatomyositis, among others. Therefore, targeting IRAF5 offers the potential for a transformative and multipronged approach to treat these complex and heterogeneous diseases. Now let's look further into the genetics associated with IRAF5. Literature shows the pathogenic role of IRAF5 is supported by human genetics where multiple genome-wide association studies identify IRAF5 as an autoimmune susceptibility gene. Specifically, if you look at the bottom left chart, meta-analysis of GWAS studies have shown IRAF5 to be a strong risk locus in lupus with risk haplotypes and functional variants in patients that associate with high serum interferon alpha levels, anti-double-stranded DNA autoantibodies, or anti-RNA binding protein antibodies. Beyond lupus, genetic associations and functional variants have also been identified in RA, IBD, systemic sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. Looking at mouse knockout studies, IRAF5 knockout mice are viable and fertile with normal B cell development. In the bottom chart showing a mouse model of lupus, IRAF5 plays an essential role in lupus development and pathogenesis that is interestingly independent of type one interferon pathways. As shown in the survival curves below where Rites et al knocked out IRAF5 and showed increased protection versus the knockout of interferon A receptor, that results in modest protection against lupus. Additionally, knockout studies demonstrated attenuated disease in other mouse models of lupus, RA, and IBD, showing biological functionality and supporting the therapeutic potential of IRAF5 degradation. As previously mentioned, IRAF5 is only expressed in a limited number of cell types and only activated by specific stimuli. This indicates that IRAF5 degradation has the potential to selectively block inflammation to restore immune regulation. Dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages when activated by members of the TLR family or other pattern recognition receptors like dectin. Mediate a pathogenic immune response via many pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF alpha, IL6, and type one interferons. In addition, IRAF5 is activated by endosomal toll-like receptors in B cells resulting in pathogenic autoantibody production. There are many agents which are approved in targeting some of these pro-inflammatory mediators like anti-TNF alpha, anti-IL12/23, anti-interferon alpha, and some which target B cells directly, further validating the target. The multifaceted functions of IRAF5 which occur in specific cell contexts and upon specific stimuli point to superior efficacy and tolerability profiles compared to current agents for autoimmune disease. With the potential to be best in class to treat complex diseases like lupus, Sjogren's, RA, IBD, and others. The development opportunity for targeting IRAF5 is vast and there are numerous potential indications across multiple immunological therapeutic areas. With a total potential patient impact of more than ten million patients. KT579, our oral IRAF5 degrader, is designed to block the source of multiple pro-inflammatory mechanisms and improve on effectiveness, durability, and tolerability over currently approved agents in diseases such as RA, lupus, Sjogren's, systemic sclerosis, IBD, among others, listed on this slide. Our IRAF5 degrader has the potential to be a transformative oral therapy superior to oral and biologics standard of care across all indications on this slide as a result of its broad but cell-specific mechanism. Now let's look at the exciting profile of KT579 and its impact across the biological mechanisms and pathways just discussed. We have an incredible opportunity with KT579 given its potential to have an enormous impact on the treatment of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. As we walk through the preclinical characterization, we hope you will share enthusiasm for what we believe is another high-value target to emerge in our pipeline. I will show you the potent selective activity of KT579 in normal human primary cells, donor cells from lupus patients, and in vivo disease models of lupus and RA. I'll start with KT579's effects in human primary cells from healthy donors. KT579 is an exquisitely selective degrader. As you have seen from our programs over and over, we look at concentrations well above that achieving maximal degradation of our intended target. IRAF5 is the only protein degraded out of the 10,000 or so proteins that were detected by mass spec. No other IRF family proteins were degraded to any extent. Looking at specific cell-based assay degradation of IRF3 and IRAF7, which are 10 micromole. Additionally, as seen on the right, KT579 is a very potent degrader of IRAF5. KT579 demonstrated picomolar to nanomolar potencies across functionally relevant human cell types evaluated including B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes, all key players in the pathogenesis of inflammation associated with IRAF5. As seen with our other degrader programs, it is critical for us to understand degradation across all relevant human cell types in preclinical settings, to build the right translational package to predict our human efficacious doses. Next, we wanted to demonstrate selectivity not only through proteomics but also through downstream pathway activated biology and IRAF5 cellular mobilization. KT579 selectively depletes IRAF5 over other key transcription factors within the same pathway axes and downstream of TLR7 and TLR8 activation. This is an important aspect of KT579 given the high sequence homology between IRAF5, IRF3, and IRF7. As seen in the staining on the slide, depleting IRAF5 with low nanomolar concentration of KT579 leaves these other critical transcription factors completely intact. These data provide additional evidence that the functional inhibition we've observed in subsequent slides is driven through IRAF5 depletion only and highlights how selective the compound is. In addition, we show we can degrade IRAF5 both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus as shown in the bottom panel. Here we see that KT579 demonstrated potent inhibition of key pro-inflammatory cytokines and type one interferon production downstream of TLR4, TLR7, and TLR8 and 9 activation in primary cellular assays. Shown in the table and graphs. For example, we show KT579 can block IL12 and interferon beta production in monocytes and block the production of TNF alpha and IL23 in PBMCs. These data highlight KT579's broad and potent activity that is both cell and stimuli dependent. Additionally, transcriptomics analysis demonstrates that KT579 dampens type one interferon response in select interferon-stimulated genes that are reported to be elevated in systemic autoimmune diseases such as lupus and Sjogren's. Type one interferon responses can be induced by endosomal TLR7 and TLR8, activation via single-stranded RNA nuclear self-antigens. On the left, differential gene analysis demonstrates that KT579 can block the type one interferon at least as effectively as an anti-TLR7/8 inhibitor ephemedrine. At concentrations predicted to be clinically active. On the right, we see that KT579 can achieve inhibition to ephemedrine of select ISGs that have been associated with increased disease activity in lupus. Turning now to KT579's activity in patient-derived donor cells. We examined KT579's impact on lupus patient-derived PBMCs. Endosomal TLR7/8 activation can be IRAF5 dependent and KT579 effectively blocks TLR7 and 8 induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferon beta production. These data include some patients with IRAF5 common functional variants where we observed similar activity on both IRAF5 degradation and downstream functional effects. By inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and type one interferon, we hope to reduce inflammation, suppress the development of autoantibodies, and ultimately mitigate the progression of autoimmune diseases like lupus, independent of IRAF5 genotype. We plan to share more of these data in subsequent presentations. Continuing with the lupus patient samples, on this slide you can see how KT579 significantly inhibits IgG production in B cells cultured with CpGB with or without KT579 for seven days. In lupus, double-stranded DNA nuclear self-antigens or anti-double-stranded DNA complexes can activate endosomal TLR9 and B cells leading to B cell activation, differentiation, pathogenic autoantibody production. This data really shows the promise of an IRAF5 directed treatment to reduce the B cell mediated inflammatory in lupus patients. And finally, let's turn to the in vivo preclinical data. In the first model shown here, we evaluated KT579's activity in mouse acute TLR models. That elicit a potent inflammatory cytokine response. In these studies, KT579 dosed orally once a day for four days achieved deep degradation of IRAF5. Here measured in the spleen. Importantly, as we discussed with other programs in our pipeline, degraders require higher doses in mouse models compared to other species due to higher plasma protein binding and lower affinity while in higher species like NHP, which is more translatable to humans, can achieve full degradation at much lower doses. Then on the fourth day, TLR7 or TLR9 stimulants were administered systemically and KT579 activity was compared to a TLR7/8 inhibitor M5049, as shown on the charts to the right. As expected, only KT579 led to dose-dependent inhibition of cytokines in both models blocking both TLR7 and TLR9 induced cytokines including TNF alpha and also IL6, IL12, and interferon beta, are not shown here. This demonstrates KT579's advantage in blocking both TLR7 and TLR9 activities which should translate to greater efficacy in several autoimmune diseases. This potential advantage is further supported by mouse TLR knockout studies where TLR7 and TLR9 double knockout to greater impact on disease onset and severity in mouse models of lupus, for example. In addition, these acute studies allowed us to select active doses for use in chronic mouse models of lupus and RA. In the next few slides, we will go over our preclinical efficacy studies and show you how our IRAF5 degrader KT579 compares to existing agents in lupus and RA models. Phenocopying IRAF5 knockout studies. To start, MRL LPR mice have a susceptible genetic background in single gene mutation in Fas. Quickly developing lupus-like symptoms and manifestations. Disease biomarkers can be detected as early as eight weeks of age. Treatment began at week ten and ended at week nineteen, when mice are expected to present with extensive kidney pathology. KT579 daily oral dosing was well tolerated at both doses of fifty mgs per kg and two hundred mgs per kg for the duration of treatment. KT579 demonstrated sustained and near complete reduction of proteinuria and a hundred percent survival at both doses achieving at least eighty-five percent degradation. With activity superior to approved or clinically active drugs such as affameterin, dugravacitinib, cyclophosphamide, and an anti-interferon A receptor mouse surrogate antibody. Administered at the top dose reported in literature. Additional endpoint readouts are currently ongoing. Next, we evaluated the impact of IRAF5 degradation in the long-term NZBW1 spontaneous lupus model. Using an earlier potent and selective IRAF5 tool degrader. This degrader was used for proof of concept in this model while characterization was ongoing for our development candidate KT579. NZBW1 mice have a polygenic background and spontaneously develop lupus that presents with high levels of circulating anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-ANAs, proteinuria, and immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. Similar to human lupus. Treatment was initiated at week twenty-one during early onset of disease. Daily oral doses of an IRAF5 degrader for four months were well tolerated and doses that achieved greater than 80% IRAF5 degradation led to sustained reduction of proteinuria and near complete reduction of circulating serum anti-double-stranded DNA autoantibodies, generally better than standard of care, Cyclophosphamide, approved anti-interferon A receptor one surrogate, and clinical stage testing agents ephemedrine and dupervastatin. These are really exciting results that demonstrate the ability of an oral IRAF5 degrader to achieve similar activity on IRAF5 to genetic depletion. We will be testing KT579 in this model, and we expect it to look very similar to given the similar potency of the drugs. And we plan to share the results at a subsequent presentation. Next, in the antigen-induced arthritis mouse model of RA, daily oral dosing with KT579 that achieved approximately 90% degradation led to significant reduction in joint swelling comparable to tofacitinib. IRAF5 degradation phenocopies IRAF5 knockout and leads to reduction in ankle swelling, circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, as shown here with IL12, and infiltrating inflammatory pathogenic Th1 T cells evaluated by flow, which is also shown here on the right. These data exemplify the potential for an oral IRAF5 degrader to impact multiple inflammatory biologies in autoimmune diseases. As part of KT579's pre-characterization, we looked at degradation of IRAF5 across several preclinical species, as shown on the chart to the right with daily dosing for seven days we observed KT579 can robustly deplete IRAF5 at steady state with low oral doses in nonhuman primate. Importantly, the degradation was measured twenty-four hours after the last dose. KT579 was also very well tolerated with no adverse effects or relevant findings up to 200 fold the predicted human efficacious exposure in our non-GLP toxicology studies and both nonhuman primate and rodents, derisking our path to human translation and proof of concept. In summary, I've shown you that first IRAF5 has the potential to be the first broad anti-inflammatory that effectively addresses immune dysregulation while sparing normal cell function. And both human and mouse genetics, along with preclinical validation, indicate a best-in-class profile for IRAF5 in treating lupus, Sjogren's, RA, and other diseases. Next, KT579 stands out as a highly selective potent oral IRAF5 degrader. Also, our in vivo study showed that IRAF5 degradation leads to robust cytokine inhibition and demonstrates superior or comparable efficacy in lupus and RA models. Compared to approved drugs in this space. In addition, KT579 achieves complete degradation across multiple preclinical safety species and relevant tissues maintaining a favorable safety profile. At last, we're very happy that this program is progressing in IND enabling studies and we expect to advance KT579 into the clinic in early 2026 as we believe the first oral IRAF5 degrader. With that, I'd like to now turn the call back to Nello for his closing remarks.

Nello Mainolfi:
Thank you, Veronica. It's always exciting to hear this even if I've heard that multiple times internally. I think when we do this, public disclosure, it's just an exciting time to put all our data out there and show how productive the team can be, and more importantly, the level of sophistication that the team goes when we build these preclinical packages. So very excited to take this program in the clinic. So why don't I maybe complete this presentation today by going through our pipeline and spending a bit more time on the upcoming milestones and then we look forward to taking questions from the audience and the analysts. So first, as we've repeated now multiple times, obviously, KT621 is moving very rapidly. As we've said, likely much more rapidly than we anticipated, which is a great problem to have. We've been able to complete our healthy volunteer study in really dosing in March. We are, you know, collecting the last small data points and then we're really excited to be able to share our phase one healthy volunteer data in June. So that's an important date on your calendar. As you also know, we have started our phase 1b AD study in April. And, again, kudos to the team, the 621 team for being able to do that, as I said, very rapidly. We're now recruiting patients, and we expect to be able to share data from this study in the fourth quarter of the year. The team is already gearing up to initiate these two large phase 2b studies. So we'll start the AD study in the fourth quarter of 2025 and the asthma study in the first part of 2026. So very busy with all these activities. So important two data readouts, healthy volunteer in June, and then AD patient data in the fourth quarter of the year. And then we'll embark on these large studies that will obviously take longer than the phase 1b study, and we'll share more details about timing and data readouts as we get closer to that. For IRAF5, KT579, as Veronica said, the preclinical package, both on safety and efficacy looks extremely impressive. And so we're expecting to file an IND towards year-end starting our phase one early next year with data with phase one data already next year. And then as we mentioned with IRAK4, we expect to have data in 2026 for both HS and AD. So thank you everybody for taking the time. I know it was during the morning on a Friday. But, hopefully, you'll appreciate the level of details that we shared today, and we're happy to reconvene and take questions once we get together in a couple of minutes.

Operator:
Thank you. At this time, if you would like to ask a question, please click on the raise hand button, which can be found on the black bar at the bottom of your screen. If you've joined by phone, please dial 9 on your keypad to raise your hand. When it is your turn, you will receive a message on your screen inviting you to join as a panelist. Please accept and wait until you are promoted to panelist. Please unmute your audio, turn on your camera, and ask your question. As a reminder, we are allowing analysts one question and one related follow-up today. We will now pause a moment to assemble the queue. Your first question comes from Derek Arquilla with Wells Fargo. Please unmute and ask your question.

Jared Gollob:
Hey, we can't hear you. Can you unmute if you haven't?

Operator:
Hi. Can you hear me?

Yifan Zhu:
Oh, yes. Yeah. This is Yifan for Derek. Thanks for taking our questions. Just a quick one from us. Can you talk a bit about your confidence in targeting STAT6 in AD and of showing an effect in the four-week study? Like, should we be expecting a relatively noisy dataset given it's such a short study? Thanks.

Nello Mainolfi:
Yeah. Thanks for the question. So obviously, the underpinning of this program is that IL4 and 13 signal through STAT6 to propagate the signal and to impact downstream Th2 cytokines. So the derisking and the expectation that we've set on this program are purely driven by the data that's been shown in AD already by the IL4 and 13 agent, which is dupilumab, which is actually the only drug that blocks both IL4 and 13. So we know with that drug, even in four weeks, you can generate quite compelling differentiated dataset. The first one is that even in four weeks, you can impact both circulating and skin biomarkers of Th2 inflammation very robustly. And actually, if you look at the data for weeks, in terms of EC scores, and other clinical endpoints while they don't reach maximal effect, they are quite robust. And so given all the preclinical data that we've generated on this on our program, which is KT621 and the fact that all the models and assays that we run this compound through, we've shown a Dupi-like effect in some cases even a Dupi-better effect. We expect that we'll be able to see really robust data. But first, in biomarkers because that's really what the study is being powered on. But also clinical endpoints.

Yifan Zhu:
Got it. Thanks.

Operator:
Your next question comes from the line of Jeet Mukherjee with BTIG. Please unmute and ask your question.

Jeet Mukherjee:
Hey. Good morning. Can you hear me?

Nello Mainolfi:
Yeah. We can see you. Great. Yeah. Question.

Jeet Mukherjee:
Maybe just one question around the decision not to advance the TIC2 program. You obviously talked about the decision in the context of being capital conscious and the macro backdrop. But it appears you've swapped TIC2 for perhaps IRAF5. So is there anything there in terms of the molecule's profile or just the evolving competitive landscape that influenced your decision? Thanks.

Nello Mainolfi:
Yeah. No. Great question. So I think it's important to maybe spend even a bit more time as you're suggesting. So we remain, I can say even personally, I remain confident in the TIC2 opportunity with a degrader. I think the decision is really around today where we are with both resources, both human and capital, we feel like being able to power up even more so at 621 program given that it's really accelerated in terms of pace. And, obviously, I can't speak to the data, but, obviously, we have a lot of confidence going into these larger studies given the risk-reward in that program. We feel like that's the place where we want to go and put a lot of resources in. I think the IRAF5 program is actually quite different from TIC2. TIC2, it's it really is true to reflect that the TIC2 space is, you know, is obviously, there is a lot of competitive intensity. We look at not just TIC2, but I always look at all the other 23 drugs out there, including the quite impressive GHA peptide. Obviously, the bar in this space has been raised. We think IRAF5 is a totally different program. I think that's going to be a best-in-class drug for a wider variety of diseases, and that's a program we want to go all in. The competitive intensity is right now in that program in those pathways is close to zero. And we have an opportunity to have a highly differentiated profile. So that's again, there is obviously competitive intensity and risk-reward conversations that have happened within the company on how programs have been prioritized. I think what you are alluding to is fair. But at the same time, I would say the main driver is we have the largest program in the industry in our hands probably, maybe if you remove the GLP1 drugs. And we got a resource that the maximum that we can do at this point in time.

Jeet Mukherjee:
Thanks for taking the question.

Operator:
Our next question will come from Marc Frahm with TD Cowen. Please unmute your line and ask your question.

Marc Frahm:
Thank you for taking my questions. Beyond the IRAF5 program that you disclosed today, just as you get into the clinic, what does that minimum target profile in terms of degradation look like? And you know, as we get to clinical data, as you highlighted and you know, with your kind of intro Nello, you know, the bar in some of these other diseases where you've started going after orals, things like psoriasis, like, is extremely high. There really isn't much room even there or some extent, AD to push efficacy higher. But, you know, some of these diseases you're talking about for IRAF5, there's certainly much more room for clinical efficacy improvement. How important is that to ultimately show versus just kind of matching available therapies but offering, you know, oral convenience?

Nello Mainolfi:
I think it's a great question. Maybe I can start, and others can follow it. So first, I think that's a very insightful question. I will start with just looking at our preclinical data. As you could appreciate, I know we only just gone through it, and you didn't have a lot of time to digest. At least so far, it looks like once we at least 80% degradation and above, is able to deliver some really best-in-class profile. We're actually doing more work to understand is it even less than 80% degradation sufficient to drive the activity that we've seen. So I guess to answer your question, there's even more work that we're doing. I think if you look at and just in both lupus and RA, but I will start maybe with the lupus model. Clearly, targeting IRAF5. And these quite translational models of lupus seem to have by far the best effect. Which I think if you look at approved therapies in lupus, you know, they right now, they don't really work very well. So there is clearly unmet need on the efficacy. So being able to deliver both efficacy and convenience that that is superior to existing and even clinically active drugs I think, is really what we're trying to deliver there. So maybe even, you know, one step over some of the conversations we've been having in the past few months. And then the team with Veronica's leadership has come up with an extremely well-behaved molecule that we believe will be highly differentiated in the clinic. But I don't know, Jared or Veronica, if you guys want to add.

Jared Gollob:
I mean, I think I only add that importantly. You know, we know that number one, we can achieve greater than 90% knockdown of IRAF5 across multiple different species, including higher species like nonhuman primates. And that in our fourteen-day studies, you know, that can be achieved with very favorable safety. So I think that's very important. It's also very interesting to note in terms of your question around, well, how much knockdown do we really need even if 90% or greater is safe? It's very interesting that these sort of heterozygous iodine macaque mice are actually fairly well protected from diseases like lupus, so it's possible we might not need that much knockdown for efficacy, but we know we can achieve that degree of knockdown, high degree of knockdown, and that that would be safe. So that's going to be very important for us.

Veronica Campbell:
Yeah. And I think our expectation is, again, that we would see superior efficacy, and that's because of the multiple biologies that we can hit with IRAF5, right, as we talked about during the presentation, being able to impact autoantibody producing cells, type one interferon, and then also pro-inflammatory cytokines that will be very important when you go after complex and heterogeneous diseases, like lupus. So I think even compared to, let's say, anifrolumab, we would expect to have a lot more efficacy.

Nello Mainolfi:
Thanks, Marc.

Marc Frahm:
Okay. Thank you.

Operator:
Our next question will come from the line of Ellie Mel with UBS Securities. Please unmute and ask your question.

Ellie Mel:
Hey, guys. Just on IRAF5, just a quick search. There's obviously a lot of literature showing that this plays a critical role in a lot of diseases, but curious how you're thinking about balancing the safety here. It looks like there's some data showing that IRAF5 can act as a suppressor. I mean, obviously, we're new to this target, and it seems like it's involved in a lot of diseases. But just can you explain why you're comfortable with the safety here? And I know in the last question, you mentioned you can even get disease protection or modification perhaps with the 50% degradation just from a clinical development perspective, even if early on 90% degradation is safe, would you also explore moving forward with, say, 50% degradation, 90% with multiple dose levels and thinking about the long-term safety profile. Thanks.

Nello Mainolfi:
Yeah. So I'll let actually Veronica address kind of the first part of your question. I just want to touch at a high level. So the beauty about IRAF5, which, you know, will require a few days of work from everybody to kind of get up to speed is that what Veronica said multiple times that is cell-specific. Like, it's really only expressed in a subset of cells. And it's also really only activated in the presence of diseases. There are multiple other IRFs that are contributing to, let's say, immune surveillance from a safety perspective, from an infection perspective. So it's really one of those only great targets, and that's why it's been pursued, you know, without much knowledge because with a lot of failures, by the whole industry in the past ten years, at least that we know of, because it actually combines these broad anti-inflammatory effects, IL12/23, IL6, TNF, IgG, type one interferon. But in a context-specific manner. And that's really why, you know, even in these preclinical studies, we can remove the target completely. We've gone 200 fold above that dose. And have not seen any activity. Do you want to take that? I know you had the answer to that question better than I do.

Veronica Campbell:
Yeah. No. No. Thank you for the question. You know, that was part of our due diligence in the beginning. We evaluated the target, some of the studies that you mentioned. And we would look across TCGA aggregate studies, there's actually very little evidence that loss of IRAF5 associates with cancer. And in fact, when you look, it seems like gain of function is associated with cancer. The one report that pops up is from one lab, there has been no follow-up work. With a target that's more highly expressed in heme cells, it's sort of hard to believe that loss in a breast cancer, you know, epithelial cell will lead to cancer. So there has been really no there. And again, with our broader analysis, we don't really see a risk in that area.

Ellie Mel:
Great. Thanks.

Operator:
Your next question comes from the line of Sudan Loganathan with Stephens. Please unmute and ask your question.

Sudan Loganathan:
Hi. Good morning. And thank you this morning again for this detailed presentation and taking my questions. You know, my first one is on the IRAF5 program. In your preclinical work or any of the literature out there, did the degradation of IRAF5 trigger any feedback mechanisms that may have activated IRAK4? MyD88, not one two, or any other IRFs that could be a means of causing, like, an untargetable relapse in a disease state, you know, whenever treated in humans going forward.

Nello Mainolfi:
Yeah. No. That's a great question. So this is something we pay a lot of attention to, across our programs. Right? Do we see either a resist an evolving potential mechanism or other pathways coming into play? We haven't seen any of that in our studies. I mean, as Veronica showed, some of these are probably some of the longest studies that we've run preclinically. You see the lupus model is a four-month study. I think mice were dosed hundred and six days in a row, if I remember correctly. And with that, we haven't seen during the study, and, obviously, you know, the mice are taken down at the end. But even when it's happened that we've in other studies, we've dosed and then stopped dosing, we have not seen any kind of flares or rebound of these inflammatory pathways. It's the beauty about these inflammatory pathways is that these are not overexpressed or activated in inflammatory processes or sorry. They're not overexpressed. They just signal through. There is just a signal that moves into a particular pathway. In this case, let's say, through IRAF5. An